Letter writing paper
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Worldwide Recycling Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Overall Recycling Comparison - Essay Example At first, it was intended to guarantee that glass bottles were come back to the significant refreshment vender around then which as Coca-Cola. In any case, it in the long run turned into a custom that is utilized on all compartments with so much achievement. Mannonen (2013) states that presently, Finland reuses right around 100 percent of the refillable glass holders. Overall, a solitary glass suppress can be utilized to multiple times. This is higher than some other country on the planet. Plastic jugs are additionally reused and reused with the arrival rates remaining at around 90%. At the point when the plastic jugs are utilized in remanufacturing, they spare crude materials as well as vitality since littler amount will be required. Aluminum jars are unendingly being reprocessed. The jars are liquefied and utilized as crude material for new ones with five percent of vitality that could have been utilized when making them from the first crude materials being spared. The most recent incorporation to the framework are the glass holders which are reclaimed for the crude materials. They are utilized really taking shape of new containers, modern ice and in the production of lightweight cement. Numerous outsiders who visit the country are now and again amazed when the see local people baggage void jugs and compartments to shops. To local people in any case, this is a piece of their everyday lives. At the point when they purchase drinks bundled in bottles, the value which they pay incorporates around ten to forty penny store. This store is offered back to the purchaser when they return the vacant compartment to the shop. The installment is done through the opposite candy machine. The accomplishment of this framework can be found in the high paces of profits. These arrival rates have once in a while been reached in different provinces particularly when each of the three bundling media are included. The frameworks is observed by Palpa whose sole objective is to guarantee that the country preserves its condition by keeping the holders used to bundle
Saturday, August 22, 2020
 The Great Gatsby Essay
What are close to home wants? How would we settle on the choice to choose our wants and deciding to accommodate? When settling on a choice among wants and acclimating it is a troublesome decision that we as a whole face in our lives. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzerald it exhibits the troublesome clash between what we need and adjusting. At the point when we have individual wants it very well may be hard to accommodate. The primary manner by which Fitzgerald shows the possibility of the decision between our wants and accommodating is through The Valley of the Ashes.The Valley of the Ashes is a spot made by the dumping of modern remains where individuals of a lower class live and work these individuals who live there want to live ââ¬Å"The American Dreamâ⬠. The individuals in the valley need to decided to either seek after their fantasy or to fit in with the way of life. It is a troublesome decision to choose to seek after the longing to carry on with an alternat e way of life such a significant number of decide to comply with the way of life that they are living in. The second manner by which Fitzgerald shows the possibility of the decision between our wants and accommodating is through the green light.The green light is toward the finish of Daisy Buchanan's dock and it speaks to Gatsby's affection for her. Gatsby wants to be with Daisy. Gatsby has the decision between his adoration for Daisy and complying with the social standards and tolerating that Daisy is currently hitched. The decision among adoration and complying with what society sees as right is a troublesome decision for Gatsby. At the point when we have individual wants it very well may be hard to adjust. This thought is available in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald through the images of The Valley of the Ashes and the green light toward the finish of the Buchanan's dock.
Monday, July 27, 2020
And its all beginning
And itâs all beginning⦠Back in Massachusetts! And Rush stuff is starting! *excited* Theres building in the courtyard. Ill take pictures as soon as I replace the batteries in my camera. Rush REX officially is seriously one of the best times of the year. This will, of course, be my third Ive had one from the freshman point of view and one from the upperclassman point of view. I want to see it work the way its supposed to, so, if youre an incoming frosh, remember, take it seriously and go look at places! I dont care how much you like your temp assignment. Im sure Mollie, whos a former Rush chair for MacGregor, agrees with me. One question I hear versions of a lot from new frosh, is I love my temp living group and am intending to stay there. What value is there for me in looking at different living groups? Well, first of all, thats not exactly fair to FSILGs, as you dont get temped in them, but that comes later. Plus, most frosh who are interested in FSILGs dont have a hard time understanding why they should look around. From a dorm perspective, its all very well that youve found something you like so quickly, and maybe it is the best place for you, but its important to make an informed decision about it. An informed decision is not watching all the i3 videos, an informed decision is actually interacting with the people and culture of the places in real life and real time. And once you have a permanent living group, an informed decision will allow you to make a stronger contribution to it. Let me try an analogy I used recently with a friend. Im still not sure if it works but he seemed to appreciate it. Politically speaking, Im pretty liberal. However, I come from a pretty conservative region of the country (the South). Because I was surrounded by conservatives, I couldnt just take liberal views for granted. I had to learn about both sides, understand the conservative arguments, and actively decide to reject them. Actively, as opposed to passively, is the key word there. I had to build my own beliefs and justifications based on what Id learned. And I think this made them stronger. By contrast, I occasionally come across people who have never lived anywhere but liberal areas, and who dont expose themselves to serious conservative arguments (through, say, reading material). In fact, they try to avoid seeking these out because they know which side is right and dont feel the need to justify it. Theyve derived their arguments almost entirely from those of the liberals surrounding them. The result is people who argue primarily in cliches and soundbites. Youve seen them, or if you live in a conservative area youve seen their conservative equivalent. Their views are stagnant, and they dont truly contribute to their own school of thought, they just repeat a diluted version of what was handed to them. (Note: Im not saying this is true of all or most liberals in liberal areas, just that its easier to fall into this trap in such conditions) Now lets apply this to living group selection, and living group culture. If you dont look around at different dorms and halls, you may like what you have, but youve gotten there in a passive way, by taking what was given to you instead of understanding your options and actively rejecting the other ones. So you dont really know whats special about your own place, you dont have any valid images with which to contrast it, and you have an incomplete and cliched understanding of your own culture. And when you try to contribute toward it with this deficient understanding, and with knowledge that was handed to you instead of that which you found for yourself, your living group will become more diluted, unoriginal, cliched. Your culture becomes wankery rather than culture. I think the vast majority of MIT students are smart enough not to fall for the politics part of this analogy. And most MIT students understand the importance of active understanding, the search for knowledge, discovery. So why wouldnt you apply that to the place where you live? Oh yeah, and regardless of where youre temped, you should come by and ride our homemade roller coaster, and all the other Fun Courtyard Things that I hear being built outside. Itll be great!
Friday, May 22, 2020
Analysis of a Picture Book--Where the Wild Things Are Essay
ANALYSIS OF A PICTURE BOOK WHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE Written and Illustrated by Maurice Sendak Picture books can have a very important role in a classroom, from elementary school through middle and even high school. They offer a valuable literary experience by combining the visual and the text. Maurice Sendakââ¬â¢s Caldecott Award winning book, Where the Wild Things Are, is a wonderful blend of detailed illustrations and text in which a young boy, Max, lets his angry emotions create a fantasy world. Many fantasy books open with ââ¬Å"Once upon a timeâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Sendak, instead opens this book with the declarative statement, ââ¬Å"The night Max wore his wolf suitâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ In starting the story this way, he makes the reader believe what is going to happen.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When Max arrives in the land of wild things, the features of the monsters at first glance might seem scary and overpowering. The creatures are large and have sharp horns, claws, and teeth. However, upon closer examination, other details are noticed that make the wild things seem much more agreeable. The wild things are all smiling and one of the wild things actually has ââ¬Å"humanâ⬠feet and another has female human hair. The text also emphasizes the creaturesââ¬â¢ agreeable nature when Max stares into their yellow eyes without blinking and tells them to ââ¬Å"BE STILL!â⬠They become frightened and make Max the king of all wild things. Their deference to Max is appa rent in the illustrationsââ¬âbowing, eyes gazing downward or closed, submissive posture. Max now has complete control and declares ââ¬Å"let the wild rumpus start!â⬠The wild things are obeying the commands of a child, just as Max had obeyed the commands of his mother when he was sent to bed without any supper. The bookââ¬â¢s climax on the next few pages is exemplified by the use of full-page illustrations, without text, of Max and the wild things celebrating their ââ¬Å"wildnessâ⬠together. An activity for younger children could be to create their own ââ¬Å"wild thingâ⬠mask or paper bag puppets using paper, scissors, yarn, eyes, etc. After the wild rumpus, Max sends the creaturesShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Abradaba Increase Reading Accuracy For Students With Autism?750 Words à |à 3 Pagesinstructions paired with an Ipad to teach literature to elementary students diagnosed with autism. Systematic instruction was defined as a set of procedures broken into four parts (Spooner et al., 2012). A system that uses components of behavior analysis to promote differential reinforcement. A system that uses data to show functional relations between interventions and acquisitions of targeted skills (Spooner et al., 2012). In addition, it teaches socially relevant skills that generalize to otherRead MoreDifferent Forms Of Impression Management945 Words à |à 4 Pageswhich there were three pictures of the person B with her boyfriend, one when they were hugging each other and facing to the beach. The other two when they were eating in the restaurants. There were also a lot of pictures of food the person was eating, the place sh e was hanging out with her family and friends. I also found two images when she stayed at home. Besides that, there were four selfie photos when she was getting ready to go out. She called that were the check in pictures. In much the sameRead MoreLife of Pi Analysis with How to Read Literature Like a Professor1656 Words à |à 7 PagesLife of Pi Analysis With How to Read Literature Like a Professor 1. Chapter 12: Is That a Symbol? A. Example one In the early stages of Life of Pi, Martel mentions a place that Pi and Ravi had gone to visit while on vacation. While looking aimlessly through the window, they noticed three hills. On top of one hill was a catholic church, another a Hindu temple, and the other a Muslim mosque. Each hill portrays each of the religions in Piââ¬â¢s complex faith. The hills represent Piââ¬â¢s strugglesRead MoreA Book That Is So New And Fresh On The Literary Scene1569 Words à |à 7 PagesReading a book that is so new and fresh on the literary scene that even the professor has yet to finish reading it is something that I donââ¬â¢t encounter very often on college courses that often have a tendency to focus on books that are at least ten years old. In addition to this novel being so new, it was also special in the fact that it took place in the area that we are studying it in. This gives the class the opportunity to talk about the piece in the way that they can really relate to, and thisRead Mor eEssay on Tolstoys War and Peace939 Words à |à 4 Pageswith them. It follows the characters through fifteen years during the Napoleonic Wars, from 1805 to 1820. It gives a fictional description of the events in the life of the Rostov family as well as some of the historical events of the time. Analysis Tolstoy is regarded by some as the greatest writer about war (Bayley 16). He includes details in the military scenes of War and Peace. Many battles and army movements are described, but the details included are not militaristic. Instead, TolstoyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1127 Words à |à 5 Pagesthroughout the text. ââ¬Å"I am one of the few most honest people that I have ever knownâ⬠is another sentence thrown at the audience a mere two chapters along the line. I found it incredibly difficult to come to a conclusion on Nicks character throughout the book and I am unaware if this was Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s intention. I propose that, although relatively dramatic, it could be a motif. Mere words are not easily replied upon, which is supported through the actions of Daisy Buchannan in the 8th chapter of the textRead MoreWhat I ve Learned From This Class938 Words à |à 4 Pageshealth of individuals or entire populations. What was most surprising was the ide a that after generations of demographic transition, the world is now employing alternatives to the traditional biomedical (empirical) perspective of health. The three things that did the most to change my view of health were the lessons about disease causation, the role of visual culture in health, and the concept of narrative medicine. Now, Iââ¬â¢ll define and discuss the three concepts we covered that did the most to changeRead MoreAn Analysis of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1465 Words à |à 6 PagesAn Analysis of Conrads Heart of Darkness In the twentieth century, nihilistic themes, such as moral degeneration, mans bestial instincts at the core of the soul, and cosmic purpo selessness, haveRead MoreTaking a Look at the Omnivores Dilemma1267 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat am I exactly eating? Where does our food come from? Why should I care? ââ¬Å"The Omnivoreââ¬â¢s Dilemmaâ⬠may forever change the way you think about food. I enjoyed Mr. Pollanââ¬â¢s book, ââ¬Å"The Omnivoreââ¬â¢s Dilemmaâ⬠and learned a great deal of information. Pollanââ¬â¢s book is a plea for us to stop and think for a moment about our whole process of eating. Pollan sets out to corn fields and natural farms, goes hunting and foraging, all in the name of coming to terms with where food really comes from in modern AmericaRead MoreSubject Object Constitution Of Pre Raphaelite Compositions : Binary Or Hierarchy?1692 Words à |à 7 Pagesthey upturned the ideas of the ââ¬Å"Raphaelitesâ⬠(the followers of Raphael) which consisted of structures based on apexes and pyramids and the scheme of light distribution according to hierarchy. Their idea got more concreti sed when one day Hunt brought a book of engravings of the 15th-century frescoes of the Campo de Santo at Pisa, art that pre-dated Raphael which had no pyramid structure, no idealised subject and even distribution of light, the Italian artist captured life as it was. Millaisââ¬â¢ Christ in
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Implementing Electronic Health Record - 994 Words
Running Head: Organizational Change Implementing Electronic Health Record Electronic Health Records Healthcare organizations face notable challenges concerning information accuracy. This can impact both patient privacy and the delivery of care. For instance, if patient information is not properly transmitted from the physician to the pharmacy, medication errors can result which can have detrimental impacts on a patientââ¬â¢s health. Given the importance of improving patient outcomes, the current change proposed is the adoption of an electronic health record (EHR) system for the healthcare facility. Electronic health records systems are an integral component to the maintenance of effective delivery of healthcare servicesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Organizationââ¬â¢s Support of Change Under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, up to $27 billion in incentive payments will be given to doctors, hospitals, and other providers who adopt and make meaningful use of these health record systems. Through the implementation of the electronic healt h record, the organizationââ¬â¢s management of the patientââ¬â¢s health care records will become more efficient. There will be improvement of revenue cycle management, lowering of costs, improvement of patient care and safety, increased efficiency, decreased paperwork, automating chart distribution, and the ease of compliance reporting and adherence. It is imperative that the organizationââ¬â¢s culture support this change because there are many major stakeholders that this change will affect. Stakeholders The stakeholders in the implementation of the electronic health record should include hospital administration, physicians and nurses, and the patients. Hospital administration Electronic Health Record will be able to improve financial outcomes through the application of this system. Additionally, fewer patient errors will mean less legal liability for the organization. The new system should improve efficiency and reduce the time needed to undertake administrative tasks. For healthcare providers, this will mean more time with the patient. In addition, the system should eliminate errors and improve patient outcomes. TheShow MoreRelatedImplementing A Certified Electronic Health Record System928 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Meaningful use is the process of implementing a certified electronic health record system in a healthcare organization that is able to improve patientsââ¬â¢ safety, to ensure that their data and the information is secure and private. Meaningful use also ensures that healthcare organizations improve patientsââ¬â¢ outcomes as well as the population on a whole. It allows patients to be more engage as well as their family and to ensure that the patient has a better outcome. This paper will addressRead MoreApplication And Challenges With Implementing An Electronic Health Record1127 Words à |à 5 Pages Application and Challenges with Implementing an Electronic Health Record Kasey Murphy Abstractââ¬â This paper is about the many different challenges of electronic health records and the different advancement that electronic health records have. It talks about the benefits and challenges that may arise with the electronic health records. Also, there are several advancements through the electronic health records especially through the years. They have made several adjustments to make it easily accessibleRead MoreChallenges Implementing New Technology : Electronic Health Record1725 Words à |à 7 PagesChallenges Implementing New Technology Electronic health record. Electronic health record (EHR) is an electronic storage where a patientsââ¬â¢ personal health information that comprises of the patientââ¬â¢s present health situation as well as every other connected data associated with patient care. The data is preserved in a computer-readable layout that enables the establishment, application, storage, and retrieval of the patientsââ¬â¢ health information (Hatton, 2012). The data are expected to be comprehensiveRead MoreAbstract. The Purpose Of This Literature Review Is To Compare1120 Words à |à 5 PagesAbstract The purpose of this literature review is to compare the benefits and risks of electronic health records (EHRs). 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According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, ââ¬Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to tha t person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notesRead MoreImproving Electronic Patient Health Record System1675 Words à |à 7 PagesStates is known to be one of the worst countries in the world in the aspect of health care delivery. Due to its fragmented structure, it is a system that does not ââ¬Å"function as a rational and integrated network of components (that would be) designed to work together coherentlyâ⬠(Shi and Song, 2015, p. 4). One of the major consequences of this fragmentation is high expenditure in the delivery of health care. Why is our health care system so expensive? One of the answers lay in administrative costs thatRead MoreElectronic Health Records And The Healthcare Field946 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction The major change from traditional systems to electronic record systems in the healthcare field within the last couple decades has made a huge impact. Patient records, risk management, planning, staff, and more in the organization are affected by the IT staff. ââ¬Å"The penetration of Internet access, mobile technologies and social networks collectively offer a future in which it is possible to deliver highly personalized care without necessarily having to do it in person, or even with aRead MoreLegal Issues And The Electronic Health Record1074 Words à |à 5 PagesLegal Issues and the Electronic Health Record Jessica Frame Ogeechee Technical College: HIMT 1150 Abstract With the current implementation of the electronic medical record (EHR), there are legitimate issues and concerns that need addressing before one can fully understand the EHR. While implementing an HER offers things such as improved quality of care and increased patient safety, there are also legality issues one faces and may not realize when utilizing an EHR documentation standards change, asRead MoreAdopting New Technologies in Nursing1370 Words à |à 6 Pagesstandards of the health care system. One significant change that has occurred throughout the last few years is the transition from paper charting to utilizing electronic health record (EHR) systems. This technological change is a major development that has the potential to significantly impact the nursing role and overall health care system. While electronic health records deem to be very beneficial, many barriers exist that hinder the implementation of new technological health record systems. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Genetically Modified Food Free Essays
English 1010 11 November 2012 Genetically Modified Food Genetically modified foods (GMF) have foreign genes such as plants, animals and bacteria inserted into their genetic codes. Genetically modified organism is processed in a way that does not occur naturally. Combining genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetically Modified Food or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are alternative names for genetically modified foods, such as ââ¬Å"genetically engineered,â⬠ââ¬Å"biotechnology,â⬠ââ¬Å"genetic modification,â⬠or ââ¬Å"transgenic. Genetically modified organisms allows scientist to speed up the process by moving desired genes from one plant into another, sometimes from an animal to a plant, for example they take a genetic material from a number of different sources from virus and bacteria and they insert it into the soybean plant, which herbicide usually kills the plant but because of the genetic modified organism it does not. Genetic modified food is dangerous because it greatly expands the scope for horizontal gene transfer and recombination; this process creates new viruses and bacteria that cause disease, epidemics, and trigger cancerous cells. Genetically modified foods are dangerous because it can cause harmful effects on human health (ââ¬Å"What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversiesâ⬠). Many foods in the United States contain genetically modified organism, such as corn, soy, sugar and aspartame. In most of the foods we eat today contain those ingredients and most people do not even realize that they are eating genetically modified food because labeling the food is not mandatory in most of the United States. Related article: Food Safety The reason scientist developed genetically modified organism is because they believe it will provide more nutritious food, tastier food, cheaper food supply, ability to farm in unfavorable climates, faster growing plants and animals, possibility of disease fighting foods, improving the lives of farmers and less pesticides used but there are many risk that cancel out the potential good of genetically modified organism, for example endocrine disruptors, organ damage, decreased fertility, increased allergies, and more pesticide resistance. However Europe is protesting against genetically modified foods since they were first created. Studies in Europe say ââ¬Å"The science of taking genes from one species and inserting them into another was supposed to be a giant leap forward, but instead they pose a serious threat to biodiversity and our own healthâ⬠(ââ¬Å"What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversies,â⬠). UK says ââ¬Å"The simple truth is, we do not need genetically modified technology in order to possess future food security. Using sustainable and organic farming methods will allow us to repair the damage done by industrial farming, reducing the excessive use of fertilizer, herbicides and other man-made chemicals, and making genetically modified crops redundantâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Genetically Engineered Cropsâ⬠). The United States does not realize that it is bad for you but Europe, UK, Japan, and Australia bans all genetically modified foods for their safety and health. In the United States the FDA does not require any safety test for genetically modified foods because they know majority of people will not buy genetically modified foods. European has been the most concerned with genetically modified foods, everyone one should be concerned about these important factors (Gardner). Genetically modified food has many dangerous effects on the world, for instance genetically modified foods actually lose nutritional content in the process of altering their genetic genes. Some genetically modified foods may contain higher levels of allergens and toxins, which can have negative outlook on the personal health of those who eat genetic foods. Viruses and bacteria are used in the process of modifying foods, which means that there is a possibility that they could cause the development of a new disease. Also genetically modified foods could potentially cause damage to other organisms in the ecosystems where they are grown. If these organisms are killed off, it leads to a loss of biodiversity in the environment (ââ¬Å"What are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods GM Products: Benefits and Controversies,â⬠). Animals and people have become seriously ill or died from genetically modified foods because bacteria have been inserted into our food and our bodies cannot fight off these diseases. Even our environment has been damaged because gene pollution cannot be cleaned up, once genetically modified organisms, such as bacteria and viruses are released into the air it is difficult to recall or contain them. Toxins have also been the cause of killing people and animals by one or more extremely poisonous substances that unexpectedly appeared in this food supplement. Single genes should not be transferred to a foreign nvironment; their effects are unknown and therefore cause unknown harmful effects to the human health: ââ¬Å"The reason that genetically engineered food could be dangerous is because there has been no adequate testing to ensure that extracting genes that perform an apparently useful function as part of that plant or animal is going to have the same effects if inserted into a totall y unrelated species. A number of studies over the past decade have revealed that genetically engineered foods can pose serious risks to humans, domesticated animals, wildlife and the environment. Human health effects can include higher risks of toxicity, allergenicity, antibiotic resistance, immune-suppression and cancer. As for environmental impacts, the use of genetic engineering in agriculture will lead to uncontrolled biological pollution, threatening numerous microbial, plant and animal species with extinction, and the potential contamination of all non-genetically engineered life forms with novel and possibly hazardous genetic materialâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Genetically Engineered Cropsâ⬠). Monsanto is an agricultural company that first produced genetically modified foods. Monsanto is not worried about health of others; there main concern is the business. They hear of many lives being in danger from genetically modified food but they are not concerned with this because they are making money. There is no long-term safety testing for genetically modified food. Genetic engineering uses material from organisms that have never been part of the human food supply to change the fundamental nature of the food we eat. Without long-term testing no one knows if these foods are safe. . They say, ââ¬Å"There is no need for, or value in testing the safety of GM foods in humansâ⬠(Wilcox). Genetically modified foods are bad for everyone because it can cause harm to humans, animals and the environment. Genetically modified food should be tested, and labeled so humans have the choice to purchase the food items or keep away from them. The main reason the United States has not banned genetically modified food is simply because most people do not even know what foods contain these harmful ingredients. If the FDA made a law that genetically modified foods are to be labeled many families would chose not to eat those foods because of the dangers it causes to the world. Work Cited Wilcox, Christine. ââ¬Å"The very real dangers of genetically modified foods. â⬠. The Atlantic, 9 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Genetically Engineered Crops. Center for food safety, 5 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. ââ¬Å"Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms. â⬠What are Genetically Modified (GM) FoodsGM Products: Benefits and Controversies. U. S. Department of Energy Genome Programs, 17 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Gardner, Richard. ââ¬Å"Pros and Cons of GM Foods. â⬠Arguments for GM Foods, Arguments Against GM Foods. N. p. , 30 2012. Web. 12 Nov 2012. Villano, Caren. ââ¬Å"Genetically Modified Foods. â⬠What are genetically modified foods, Advantages, Types of genetically modified crops. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 How to cite Genetically Modified Food, Essay examples
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Prosthetics Essays - Medical Equipment, Biological Engineering
Prosthetics Introduction Prosthetics is the branch of surgery dealing with mechanical devices used to reproduce the form and function of missing body parts. Prosthetics is the replacement of faulty or amputated body parts with artificial body parts. Artificial limbs have been in use since at least 300 BC. In AD 1509 German knight, Gtz von Berlichingen, called Gtz of the Iron Hand, wore an artificial hand with jointed fingers. Early in the 19th century a German prosthesist built a hand with fingers that could be flexed or extended and that could hold light objects, such as a pen or a hat. Before World War I (1914-1918), wood was considered the best substance for making artificial legs, but later an aluminum alloy called Duraluminum, and more recently fiber materials, have made artificial limbs both lightweight and strong. In recent years, the manufacture of prosthetic devices has developed into a science. Artificial limbs with functioning joints can simulate natural motion. Hip joint prostheses can provide vi rtually normal mobility for people with damaged hip joints. History Artificial limbs, in one form or other, have been in use from ancient times. In 1885, a specimen was discovered in a tomb at Capua, Italy, along with other relics dating from 300BC. The celebrated artificial hand built in 1509 for the German knight Gotz von Berlichingen, who was called Gotz of the Iron Hand, weighed about 1.4 kg (3 lb.) and had articulated fingers so constructed as to be able to grasp a sword or lance. The hand is in the Nrnberg Museum and is still in working order. Early in the 19th century a German prosthesist built a hand with fingers that could be flexed or extended without assistance and yet could still close to hold light objects, such as a pen, a handkerchief, or a hat. In 1851, a French prosthesist invented an artificial arm fitted with a wooden hand and attached to a leather socket that fitted the stump firmly. The fingers were half-closed, the thumb pivoted on a pin and could press firmly against the fingertips by a concealed, strong rubber band; the grasp of the thumb could be operated by a mechanism attached to the opposite shoulder. The same inventor devised a leg that reproduced a natural gait and lengthened the stride. Technology Before World War I, wood was universally considered the best substance for making artificial legs. Prosthetic devices made of leather reinforced with metal bands tended to lose their shape and were therefore unsatisfactory. Finally, the use of an aluminum alloy called Duraluminum, and later of fiber materials, made possible the manufacture of an artificial limb that was both lightweight and strong. Synthetic polymers now being introduced provide a skin-like covering for some forms of prosthesis. To ensure maximum comfort for the wearer some prosthetic devices are now fitted immediately following amputation of the natural limb. A rigid plaster dressing is applied to the site, serving as a socket for the attachment of a temporary prosthetic device. More recently, use of a removable plaster dressing has reduced pain and infections while the prosthesis is being fitted. In certain severe cases, permanent artificial arms are equipped with small battery-powered motors, which facilitate move ment at the joints. The Committee on Prosthetics Research and Development of the National Research Council coordinates the design and development of prosthetic devices. Special prosthetic training schools have been set up at several universities for the teaching of modern prosthetic concepts to physicians, surgeons, prosthesists, and physical and rehabilitation counselors. Prosthetics are used for more than just amputated body parts, it can be used for special effects such as special costumes and contact lenses. Prosthetics is one of the oldest and most important new technologies in the science world today. Much of the attention in this field is focused on cloning right now due to the fact that prosthetics have not had any extremely new or amazing finds after cloning.
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